Most chewing gum on the market today is no longer made from natural plant resins but from so-called food-grade polymers. These substances allow the gum to retain its elasticity, texture, and flavor for a long time. However, the problem is that these materials behave just like other plastics: Over time, they can break down into tiny particles.
When chewing, tiny microplastic particles can break off from the gum base, which we swallow along with our saliva, and which then enter the digestive system. Most of these are probably excreted from the body, but some may be absorbed and enter the bloodstream. – Róbert Pilling
As the master instructor in the Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Science at Semmelweis University adds, it cannot be stated unequivocally that microplastics from chewing gum cause specific diseases. At the same time, particles entering the body could, in the long term, be linked to inflammatory processes, changes in the gut microbiome (gut flora), or other biological effects; however, these have not yet been proven.
Although the latest scientific research indicates that chewing gum is among the more significant – yet previously under-recognized – sources of microplastics, it does not represent the greatest microplastic burden on the human body. In fact, these tiny particles can now be found practically everywhere: in the air, in bodies of water, in the soil, and in numerous products – such as bottled beverages and plastic packaging – that we come into contact with every day. According to the expert, the most important message is not to cause alarm, but to raise awareness. Chewing gum is not an essential part of our diet, so it is worth reconsidering whether it should be consumed regularly. Although it has known benefits (such as increasing saliva production and potentially contributing to oral hygiene), these effects can also be achieved through proper dental care. Moreover, environmentally conscious choices can be made even at the level of oral care at home, as researchers at Semmelweis University have previously reported.
We can also do a lot in other areas to reduce microplastic intake. This could include, for example, using fewer foods packaged in plastic or choosing tap water over bottled beverages. Chewing gum made from natural plant resins also falls into this category. However, this is currently considered a niche product and may offer a different taste and texture compared to traditional chewing gum. There is no cause for concern regarding occasional chewing gum use; at the same time, moderation and conscious consumer choices can contribute to reducing its microplastic burden on the body in the long term.
Eszter Csatári-Földváry
Translation: Dr. Balázs Csizmadia
Photo by Bálint Barta – Semmelweis University; featured image (illustration): iStock.com/Liudmila Chernetska
