In extreme heat, the body is subjected to increased stress. During such times, sweating intensifies, the blood vessels in the skin dilate, and the heart rate rises as the body tries to release as much heat as possible. However, this can also affect the functioning of the hormonal system, which plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle. “The cycle may change during this time: Irregular bleeding can occur, and ovulation may not take place, which is why menstruation may be delayed,” says Dr. Boglárka Fehér, a specialist at Semmelweis University’s Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. If ovulation does not occur, the endometrium may build up over a longer period, which can lead to heavier, more painful bleeding during delayed menstruation.
Another common consequence of the heat is dehydration, which can intensify menstrual cramps. When dehydrated, hormonal processes can be triggered that lead to stronger uterine contractions, which in turn can increase pain during menstruation. To alleviate these unpleasant symptoms, the most important thing is to replenish fluids and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium) adequately – about 2–3 liters per day. It’s not enough to drink just water since the body also loses minerals through sweating, the expert warns.
Another problem is that during the summer months, temperatures often do not drop even at night, which affects sleep quality and can lead to sleep deprivation, resulting in persistent fatigue. Increased physical exertion and dehydration both place additional strain on the body, and rising levels of stress hormones can further affect the functioning of female hormones, which may also contribute to changes in the menstrual cycle.
For women going through menopause, the heat can be particularly taxing. Due to declining estrogen levels, the body’s temperature regulation becomes more sensitive, so even a slight rise in body temperature can trigger hot flashes and intense sweating. In the summer, these symptoms may be exacerbated, while sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue, and difficulty concentrating may also become more common.
For this reason, whenever possible, rest in a cool environment, eat lighter meals with a high fluid content, wear well-ventilated cotton or linen clothing, engage in regular but not overly intense exercise in the morning or evening, avoid outdoor activities during the midday hours, and it is also advisable to limit alcohol consumption and excessive caffeine intake, which can further aggravate dehydration and increase strain on the body. – Dr. Boglárka Fehér
The specialist also points out that in certain cases, it is definitely worth consulting a doctor. Examples include prolonged or unusually heavy menstrual bleeding, especially if accompanied by dizziness or weakness, or if chest pain or shortness of breath are also among the symptoms. During menopause, it is recommended to consult a specialist if hot flashes, sweating, or sleep disturbances significantly impair your quality of life.
Eszter Csatári-Földváry
Translation: Dr. Balázs Csizmadia
Photo by Bálint Barta – Semmelweis University; cover photo/illustration: iStock/fizkes
