“During summer vacations and long-distance trips, many people spend 6–12 hours – or even longer – on an airplane. Although most trips go smoothly, longer flights can put a strain on the body, especially for the elderly, those prone to thrombosis, and people with chronic illnesses,” notes Dr. Péter Torzsa.
Since humidity levels in airplane cabins are generally much lower than usual – often 10–20 percent – the dry air can dehydrate the mucous membranes of the nose and throat and lead to eye irritation and an unpleasant scratchy throat.
Many people experience cold-like symptoms or upper respiratory infections after a flight lasting several hours. The explanation for this is that the mucous membranes play an important role in protecting us from pathogens, but if they dry out, their natural defenses can be compromised, the professor explains.
Despite effective air filtration systems, the fact that hundreds of passengers are confined in a closed space for hours at a time also contributes to the spread of respiratory infections.
That is why Dr. Péter Torzsa recommends reducing the risk by wearing masks, frequently sanitizing your hands, staying properly hydrated, and avoiding touching your face.
Masks not only provide protection against infections but can also partially mitigate the effects of dry air on the mucous membranes. In the case of flights crossing multiple time zones, jet lag can also take a toll on the body, causing temporary sleep disorder, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.
The most serious health hazard associated with intercontinental flights is the risk of thrombosis, as prolonged immobility while seated can slow blood flow in the veins of the legs, which may increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis. If a blood clot breaks off, it can even cause a life-threatening pulmonary embolism. – Dr. Péter Torzsa
The likelihood of thrombosis is higher in people over the age of 60–65, those with chronic conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], diabetes, or kidney disease), individuals with a history of thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, cancer patients, during pregnancy (and in the weeks following childbirth), and in people who are overweight. However, women taking hormonal birth control pills, those with hereditary blood clotting disorders, people with limited mobility, and those traveling by plane after a major surgery or injury should also pay special attention to staying properly hydrated, and it is particularly important to stand up and move your limbs every hour.
Dr. Péter Torzsa advises that necessary medications should always be kept in carry-on luggage: an inhaler for asthma attacks for patients with lung disease, and insulin as well as a blood glucose meter for people with diabetes. During longer trips, it may be necessary to adjust insulin dosages, so you should consult with a diabetologist before traveling.
The professor also points out that, based on individual medical assessment, injecting a blood thinner may be necessary in cases of a history of thrombosis, active cancer, or a known predisposition to thrombosis. However, healthy travelers should not take blood thinners as a preventive measure even before a long flight.
The head of department also emphasizes that flight-related thrombosis can develop even days or weeks later. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience unilateral leg swelling (swelling in only one leg), leg pain or tightness, sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or bloody sputum! A red and warm arm or leg are also important warning signs. In such cases, do not delay seeking medical help even while on vacation; go immediately to the urgent care center or emergency department!
“Most flight-related health problems can be prevented with a few simple precautions. Adequate fluid intake, regular movement, and having necessary medications on hand can significantly contribute to safe travel,” summarizes Dr. Péter Torzsa.
The most effective preventive measures for avoiding thrombosis:
- Stand up and walk around at least once every hour.
- Move your legs regularly and rotate your ankles.
- Drink plenty of fluids but avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
- Wear clothing that is comfortable and not too tight.
- Compression stockings are recommended for passengers in high-risk groups, as they improve venous circulation and reduce leg swelling. It’s important to know that traditional elastic bandages or wraps are not a substitute for compression stockings. In fact, an improperly applied bandage can even worsen circulation.
Orsolya Dávid
Translation: Dr. Balázs Csizmadia
Photos by Bálint Barta – Semmelweis University; featured image (illustration): iStock.com/jacoblund
