Medical Biotechnology MSc

The knowledge to be attained
The storage, maintenance and expression of genetic information, as well as their molecular mechanisms are fundamental topics of the course. DNA replication, DNA damage and repair, RNA synthesis and processing, protein synthesis, maturation and targeting, and different ways of regulation of gene expression are discussed. Regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, in the light of the molecular background of tumor development is also part of the subject. Some of the lectures provide insights into molecular biology research.

Midterm tests and Students’ presentation
Two oral midterm examinations are held during the semester. In each occasion, a random topic should be picked from the list and answered verbally. The student’s performance is evaluated from 1 to 5 in each of the two tests.
Students who miss a test due to illness (with a medical certificate presented) will be provided with a retake opportunity within one week.

Requirements for the signature
The course of the subject will not be recognized in case of more than 3 absences during the semester.

Examination
The semester ends with an oral terminal examination.
Students draw from two sets of topics, so the grade is based on two parts. The partial grades are offered in advance if marks of 3, 4 or 5 have been obtained at each of the two evaluations held during the term. The grade of the first oral midterm (better than 2) is counted as the first, and that of the second oral midterm (better than 2) is counted as the second partial grade. Midterm marks worse than 3 do not yield such exemptions, and the student must draw a topic from the given set at the terminal exam.

What to learn for the terminal examination?
– The material of all lectures during the semester.
– Medical Pathobiochemistry (eds. Mandl J and Machovich R) ISBN: 978 963 226 407 3
– Molecular Biology of the Cell (Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K and Walter P) ISBN: 978-0815341055

Location: Room 418, ITK building (Práter u. 50/A)
Duration: 2 x 45 min (Mondays 9:15 – 11:00 & Thursdays 9:15 – 11:00)

	Date	Time	Lecture	Lecturer
1	6 March	09:15	Basics of molecular biology	Csala
2	9 March	09:15	DNA replication	Zámbó
3	13 March	09:15	DNA damage, mutation, repair	Zámbó
4	16 March	09:15	Transcription	Csala
5	20 March	09:15	RNA processing	Csala
6	23 March	09:15	Control of gene expression at mRNA level	Csala
7	27 March	09:15	Translation	Mészáros
8	30 March	09:15	Post-translational modifications	Mészáros
9	3 April	09:15	Control of translation	Mészáros
10	6 April		--- Maundy Thursday ---
11	10 April		--- Easter ---
12	13 April	09:15	ORAL MIDTERM I
13	17 April	09:15	Intracellular protein trafficking	Mészáros
14	20 April	09:15	Protein degradation (proteasome and autophagy)	Mészáros
15	24 April	09:15	Vesicular transport, endocytosis, exocytosis	Kereszturi
16	27 April	09:15	Molecular biology of viruses	Csala
17	1 May		--- International Workers' Day ---
18	4 May	09:15	Control of cell cycle I	Csala
19	8 May	09:15	Control of cell cycle II	Csala
20	11 May	09:15	Apoptosis I	Csala
21	15 May	09:15	Apoptosis II	Csala
22	18 May	09:15	Molecular background of cancer	Csala
23	22 May	09:15	Genetic polymorphysm and human diseases	Kereszturi
24	25 May -> postponed to 1 June, 13:30	09:15 -> 13:30	ORAL MIDTERM II

Topics for the 1st midterm

1. Structure of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, histones, topoisomerism
2. Proteins involved in prokaryotic DNA replication
3. Initiation of replication and the replication fork
4. Special features of eukaryotic DNA replication, the telomerase
5. The most important types of DNA lesion, DNA damage and mutation
6. Formation and repair of “mismatch damage”
7. Ways to repair pyrimidine (Thymine) dimer
8. Structure and function of E. coli RNA polymerase
9. Initiation and termination of transcription in prokaryotic cells
10. Initiation and termination of transcription in eukaryotic cells
11. Processing of mRNA and the structure of mature mRNA
12. Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes
13. Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes
14. Mechanisms for influencing eukaryotic gene expression (other than transcriptional control)
15. Structure and function of RNAs involved in translation
16. Mechanism of aminoacyl-tRNA formation
17. Structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes
18. Initiation of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
19. Elongation and termination of translation
20. Post-translational modifications and functional consequences
21. Possible mechanisms for the control of translation

Topics for the 2nd midterm

1. Eukaryotic cell organelles and the nuclear protein transport
2. Protein transport to mitochondria and the ER
3. Vesicular transport between the organelles, the role of SNARE proteins and Rab proteins
4. Vesicular transport, endocytosis and exocytosis, the role of coat-forming proteins
5. Intracellular proteolysis, types and mechanisms of autophagy
6. Intracellular proteolysis, ubiquitination, proteasome
7. Grouping of animal viruses according to their replication mechanism, effect of double-stranded RNA in the eukaryotic cells
8. Replication cycle of retroviruses, acutely transforming retroviruses
9. Genetic background of human diseases, methods for allele analysis
10. The eukaryotic cell division cycle – phases and checkpoints
11. Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases and their inhibitors
12. Control of cell cycle in G1 and S phases
13. Control of cell cycle in G2 and M phases
14. Handling DNA injuries and ongoing replication during the cell cycle
15. Structure and function of apoptosome, DISC, and PIDDosome
16. Types of Bcl-2 proteins and their role in apoptosis pathways of different origin
17. Properties of caspases and their role in regulating apoptosis
18. Components of the “survival signal” and its connection with the regulatory proteins of apoptosis
19. The endoplasmic reticulum stress and the UPR
20. Control of the level and activity of p53 protein
21. Effects of p53 protein on cell cycle and apoptosis
22. The concept of tumor suppressor genes, the functions of some representative tumor suppressor proteins
23. Genetic modifications leading to tumor cell formation

Lecture slides are available here.

The passwords to download pages can be obtained from the laboratory teachers personally.