Home / Education /

Pharmacognosy

 

  Schedule of distance learning -Lectures

Schedule of distance learning -Practices

Proceedings of the Pharmacognosy I semi-final examination (2020.05.15.)

 

Pharmacognosy Lectures (2 hours/week);      Pharmacognosy Practices  (4 hours/ week)    

Catalogue of Lectures                                       Assignment of Practices

 

1

02.07.

Pharmacognosy, history of pharmacognosy. Medicinal plant – herbal/crude drug

2

02.14.

Nomenclature. Classification of herbal drugs.

3

02.21.

Sources of drugs, factors involved in the production of drugs. Quality control. From plant to phytopharmaceutical (phytotherapy).

3

02.28.

Compounds of primary metabolism. Carbohydrates. Mono- and oligosaccharides and their drugs. Homogenous polysaccharides and their drugs.

Heterogenous polysaccharides: gums, neutral and acidic mucilages, pectins; polysaccharides from microorganisms and fungi. Algae polysaccharides.

5

03.07.

Lipids. Generalities, vegetable oils, alkyne derivatives.

Amino acids (which are not constituens of proteins). Cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates. Betalains.

Protein sweeteners. Lectins. Enzymes.

6

03.14.

Compounds of special (secondary) metabolism. Plant phenolics in general. Phenols, phenolic acids, derivatives and herbal drugs.

Coumarins and coumarin containing drugs. Medicinal application and toxicity.

7

03.21.

Lignans, lignan-containing drugs. Biological interest of lignans. Silybum marianum and its significance.

8

03.28.
holiday

 

9

04.04.

Flavonoids, chemical structure and classification, biological properties, use of flavonoid containing drugs, therapeutical significance.

Chief flavonoid-containing vegetable drugs. (Crataegus species, Ginkgo biloba, etc.).

10

04.11.

Isoflavonoids, rotenoids, biological significance.

Anthocyanins, chief anthocyanin-containing drugs.

Phenoloids in Zingiberaceae family (diarylheptanoids and arylalkanones).

11

04.18.

 

Tannins. Classification of tannins. Structures and properties of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, biological significance. Chief tannin-containing drugs.

12

04.25.

Polyketides-quinones. Naphthoquinone-containing drugs.

13

05.02.

Laxative hydroxyanthraquinone glycosides. Pharmacological properties. Main hydroxyanthraquinone glycoside-containing drugs.

Naphthodianthrone and diterpene quinone containing drugs. Hypericum perforatum.

Orcinols and phloroglucinols. Cannabis.

Humulus lupulus.

14

05.09.

Medicinal plants / active compounds and redox homeostasis

15

05.16.

Obligatory test – exam

II.

1

Terpenoids. Biogenetic generalities, classification. Monoterpenoids

2

Essential oils I.

Distribution, localisatioin, function, physical properties and chemical composition of essential oils. Pharmacological properties and toxicity of essential oils. Chief drugs containing essenital oils I.

3

Chief drugs containing essenital oils II.

Oleoresins

4

Iridoids, sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes and chief drugs

5

Triterpenes and steroids. Saponins and chief drugs

6

Cardioactive glycosides and chief drugs.

Unusual terpenoids. Ecdisteroids

7

holiday

8

Alkaloids. Generalities.

Alkaloids derived from ornithine and lysine I. (Tropane alkaloids)

9

Alkaloids derived from ornithine and lysine II. (pyrrolizidine-, quinolizidine-, indolizidine-, piperidine alkaloids)

Alkaloids derived from nicotinic acid. (Tobaccos, Betel)

Alkaloids derived from phenylalanine and tyrosine I. (Ephedras and Khat, Peyote)

10

Alkaloids derived from phenylalanin and tyrosine II. (Curares, Protoberberines, Morphinan alkaloids, Phenethylisoquinolines, Amarillidaceae alkaloids, Monoterpenoid isoquinolines)

11

Alkaloids derived from tryptophan (Hallucinogenic indole alkaloids, Calabar bean, Ergot alkaloids, Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Cinchonas)

12

Alkaloids derived from anthanilic acid and histidene.

Terpenoid alkaloids. Cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates.

Purin bases

13

Test- Competition

14

Results of the test and competition.

Plants in complementer and traditional medicines

Pharmacognosy Practices  (4 hours/ week)

I.

  1. Introduction, safety rules. Macroscopic and microscopic knowledge. European Pharmacopoeia.
  2. General methods in pharmacognosy.
  3. Vegetable drugs containing carbohydrates (Starches, mucilages, etc.).
  4. Plant acids and their drugs.
  5. Plant lipids and their drugs.
  6. Phenolglycosides, flavonoids, anthocyanins and chief drugs I.
  7. Phenolglycosides, flavonoids, anthocyanins and chief drugs II.
  8. Lignans, Coumarins and diarylheptanes.
  9. Tannins and chief tannin drugs I. Methods used in tannin chemistry.
  10. Tannins and chief tannin drugs II. Mass spectrometry of tannins, determination of procyanidins.
  11. Anthraglycoside containing crude drugs I. Chemical tests.
  12. Anthraglycoside containing crude drugs II. Quantitative determinations.
  13. Terpenophenoloid and phloroglucine derivatives.
  14. Personal task.

  II.

Bitter substances of plants. Classification, reactions, bitterness value.

Essential oil containing drugs (Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae) I.

Essential oil containing drugs (Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae) II.

Saponins and chief saponin drugs.

Methods used in the identification and quality control of saponins.

Cardioactive glycosides and chief drugs.

Methods used in the analyses of cardioactive glycosides.

Tropane, piridine and piperidine alkaloid containing drugs I.  

Tropane, piridine and piperidine alkaloid containing drugs II.

Quinoline, isoquinoline and morphine group alkaloids, their chief drugs I.

Quinoline, isoquinoline and morphine group alkaloids, their chief drugs II.

Indole, purine alkaloids I.

Indole, purine alkaloids II.

Personal task.