A CSERVENKAI EXHUM\u00c1L\u00c1SOK T\u00d6RT\u00c9NETE<\/p>\n
Csapody Tam\u00e1s<\/p>\n
T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi Szemle LXIV. \u00e9vf. 2022. 3. sz., 481\u2013513.<\/em><\/p>\n ABSZTRAKT<\/p>\n A szerbiai Borb\u00f3l Magyarorsz\u00e1gra vez\u00e9nyelt munkaszolg\u00e1latosok gyalogmenete 1944. okt\u00f3ber 5-\u00e9n \u00e9rte el a nyugat-b\u00e1cskai Cservenka k\u00f6zs\u00e9get. A magyar katon\u00e1k k\u00eds\u00e9rte csoport l\u00e9tsz\u00e1ma ekkor mintegy 3000 f\u0151t sz\u00e1ml\u00e1lhatott. A z\u00f6m\u00e9ben b\u00e1cskai sv\u00e1bokb\u00f3l verbuv\u00e1l\u00f3dott Waffen-SS alakulatok katon\u00e1i er\u0151szakkal \u00e1tvett\u00e9k a magyarokt\u00f3l a munkaszolg\u00e1latosok feletti ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1st. A helyi t\u00e9glagy\u00e1rba terelt\u00e9k a zsid\u00f3kat \u00e9s a Jehova Tan\u00fait. A kilenc nazar\u00e9nust a k\u00f6zs\u00e9g egyik ist\u00e1ll\u00f3j\u00e1ban helyezt\u00e9k el. A zsid\u00f3 munkaszolg\u00e1latosok szisztematikus legyilkol\u00e1sa k\u00e9t nappal k\u00e9s\u0151bb, okt\u00f3ber 7-\u00e9n \u00e9jszaka kezd\u0151d\u00f6tt el \u00e9s m\u00e1snap hajnalig tartott. A n\u00e9met katon\u00e1k, a magyar katonai keret t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1val mintegy ezer zsid\u00f3t gyilkoltak meg. Az \u00e9lve maradt zsid\u00f3kat SS-katon\u00e1k t\u00f6bb csoportban Zomborba k\u00eds\u00e9rt\u00e9k. Innen az egyik gyalogmenet a G\u00e1dor\u2013Hadikfalva \u00fatvonalon \u00e9rkezett meg Baj\u00e1ra, m\u00edg a m\u00e1sik csoport Monostorszegen, Bezd\u00e1non, Kisk\u0151szegen \u00e9s Udvaron \u00e1t \u00e9rte el Moh\u00e1csot. A menetek Cservenka \u00e9s a mai magyar\u2013szerb (Hadikfalva) \u00e9s magyar\u2013horv\u00e1t (Udvar) hat\u00e1rig \u00f6sszesen mintegy 400-500 f\u0151t vesz\u00edtettek. A magyar keret a Jehova Tan\u00fait \u00e9s a nazar\u00e9nusokat el\u0151sz\u00f6r szint\u00e9n Zomborba, majd innen vonaton Szentkir\u00e1lyszabadj\u00e1ra k\u00eds\u00e9rte, hol a Cservenk\u00e1n elv\u00e1lt bori munkaszolg\u00e1latos csoportok ism\u00e9t tal\u00e1lkoztak.\u00a0 Cservenk\u00e1t\u00f3l Hadikfalv\u00e1ig, valamint Udvarig terjed\u0151 \u00fatszakaszon a bori zsid\u00f3 unkaszolg\u00e1latos halottak \u00f6sszegy\u0171jt\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s eltemet\u00e9s\u00e9nek, majd ism\u00e9telt exhum\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s \u00fajratemet\u00e9s\u00e9nek eddig feldolgozatlan a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete. A t\u00f6rt\u00e9ntek kutat\u00e1s\u00e1t sz\u00e1mos t\u00e9nyez\u0151 g\u00e1tolta. A t\u00f6meggyilkoss\u00e1g \u00e1ldozatainak sz\u00e1mbeli nagys\u00e1ga, az elk\u00f6vet\u00e9s hely\u00e9nek f\u00f6ldrajzi kiterjedts\u00e9ge \u00e9s az anyagi korl\u00e1tok hatalmas terhet r\u00f3ttak a helyi adminisztr\u00e1ci\u00f3ra. A halottak sz\u00e1mbav\u00e9tel\u00e9t \u00e9s exhum\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t akad\u00e1lyozta Tito marsall nemzetis\u00e9gi \u00e9s elnyom\u00f3 politik\u00e1ja, a ter\u00fclet n\u00e9pess\u00e9gi viszonyainak megv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa, a v\u00e9rengz\u00e9s b\u00e1cskai elk\u00f6vet\u0151inek ismerts\u00e9ge \u00e9s b\u00fcntetlens\u00e9ge, valamint a t\u00f6rt\u00e9ntekkel val\u00f3 szemben\u00e9z\u00e9s elmarad\u00e1sa. Mindezek miatt az \u00e1ldozatok kegyelettel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 eltemet\u00e9se csak r\u00e9szben siker\u00fclt, \u00e9s az \u00e1ldozatokra val\u00f3 m\u00e9lt\u00f3 eml\u00e9kez\u00e9s is ellentmond\u00e1sos. A tanulm\u00e1ny nem kisebb feladatra v\u00e1llalkozik a t\u00f6meggyilkoss\u00e1g ut\u00e1n k\u00f6zel 80 \u00e9vvel, hogy megnevezze a halottak eltemet\u00e9si helyeit, \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edtsa az exhum\u00e1l\u00e1sok \u00e9s \u00fajratemet\u00e9sek kronol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1t, elk\u00e9sz\u00edtse az \u00e1ldozatok exhum\u00e1l\u00e1st\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9t.<\/p>\n KULCSSZAVAK: munkaszolg\u00e1lat, Holokauszt, Bor, Cservenka, t\u00f6meggyilkoss\u00e1g, m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa, exhum\u00e1l\u00e1s<\/p>\n <\/p>\n HISTORY OF THE CHERVENKA EXHUMATIONS<\/p>\n Tam\u00e1s Csapody<\/p>\n ABSTRACT<\/p>\n During World War II, some 6000 Hungarian citizens were deported to the Serbian town of Bor for forced labour. On their return journey to Hungary, about 3000 forced labourers reached the brick factories of Chervenka in the Western B\u00e1cska region. In the night of 7 October 1944 about 700 to 1000 Jewish forced labourers were killed there by German soldiers with the assistance of Hungarian troops. Among the surviving labourers a further 400 were killed by the Germans on the way from Chervenka to the border of present-day Hungary. In the brick factories and along the roads the corpses remained unburied. The local people and the representatives of both the oldand the new regime did make efforts to inter the dead, but these only yielded partial results. Of those killed in the brick factories, which have beencontinuously functioning ever since, as well as of those slain along the march, some fifty percent still rest on or near the very spot wehere they were killed. The only registered Chervenka mass grave, that in the Jewish cemetery of Zombor, contained the remnants of about 700 jewish forced labourers of Bor.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n KEYWORDS: forced labour, Holocaust, Bor, Chervenka, mass murder, World War II, exhumation<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A CSERVENKAI EXHUM\u00c1L\u00c1SOK T\u00d6RT\u00c9NETE Csapody Tam\u00e1s T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi Szemle LXIV. \u00e9vf. 2022. 3. sz., 481\u2013513. ABSZTRAKT A szerbiai Borb\u00f3l Magyarorsz\u00e1gra vez\u00e9nyelt munkaszolg\u00e1latosok gyalogmenete 1944. okt\u00f3ber 5-\u00e9n \u00e9rte el a nyugat-b\u00e1cskai Cservenka k\u00f6zs\u00e9get. A magyar katon\u00e1k k\u00eds\u00e9rte csoport l\u00e9tsz\u00e1ma ekkor mintegy 3000 f\u0151t sz\u00e1ml\u00e1lhatott. A z\u00f6m\u00e9ben b\u00e1cskai sv\u00e1bokb\u00f3l verbuv\u00e1l\u00f3dott Waffen-SS alakulatok katon\u00e1i er\u0151szakkal \u00e1tvett\u00e9k a magyarokt\u00f3l a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101277,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hirek"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/101277"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11165"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11165\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11166,"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11165\/revisions\/11166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/magtud\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}