{"id":2237,"date":"2024-12-10T10:56:09","date_gmt":"2024-12-10T09:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/fulorrgegeszet\/?page_id=2237"},"modified":"2024-12-10T11:06:04","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T10:06:04","slug":"minimum-criteria-dentistry","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/semmelweis.hu\/fulorrgegeszet\/minimum-criteria-dentistry\/","title":{"rendered":"Minimum Criteria (Dentistry)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Minimum criteria for the ENT exam<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 essential ENT knowledge for a physician \u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. Symptoms and clinical features of diffuse otitis externa<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Symptoms:<\/strong> earache, ear itching, ear discharge, feeling of ear blockage, possible moderate hearing loss. There is usually no fever. Good general condition, tragus usually sensitive to pressure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Clinical picture:<\/strong> swelling and hiperemia of the skin of the ear canal, serous or purulent or crumbly discharge. Tympanic membrane appears to be normal.<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. Symptoms and clinical features of acute otitis media (AOM) \u2013 suppurative form<\/span><\/h1>\n

    Symptoms:<\/strong> earache, fever, hearing loss, otorrhoea in case of perforation, loss of appetite, malaise<\/span><\/p>\n

    Clinical picture:<\/strong> moderately wide ear canal, initially free of secretions, with secretions in case of perforation. Vascularized, blood-filled tympanic membrane, later bulging. The tympanic membrane may spontaneously perforate.<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. Causes of acute hearing loss<\/span><\/h1>\n

    Conductive:<\/strong> cerumen plug, foreign body, otitis media (serous or purulent type), trauma (e.g. perforation of the tympanic membrane)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sensorineural:<\/strong> acute noise, viral infection, vascular causes, toxical damage (medication, chemicals), traumas.<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. What is to be done in case of acute sensorineural hearing loss?<\/span><\/h1>\n

    In case of acute sensorineural hearing loss, immediate oral or intravenous steroid bolus treatment, if necessary with hospitalization; meanwhile detailed investigation is required to be carried out to clarify the etiology. The earlier the treatment is started, the better the outcome is.<\/span><\/p>\n

    5. Recognition of hearing loss in childhood, newborn hearing screening<\/span><\/h1>\n

    Signs of hearing loss in childhood:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2013 the newborn does not react to sounds;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2013 tone of crying is unusual;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2013 visual orientation is dominant;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2013 speech development is delayed;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2013 tone, pitch, intensity, melody and rhythm of the speech is pathologic;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2013 articulation disorders;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2013 worse reading and writing skills<\/span><\/p>\n

    Infant hearing screening:<\/strong> with objective hearing testing methods (in Hungary: BERA, may also be: OAE) in the first few days after birth. Mandatory examination in all infant care facilities. In case of hearing loss, further examinations are required in centers.<\/span><\/p>\n

    6. Causes of ear pain (list)<\/span><\/h1>\n

    Primary:<\/strong> otitis externa, otitis media, tumors of the ear<\/span><\/p>\n

    Referred ear pain:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n